I tēnei wā, haunga ētahi hua iti-mutunga me ngā waitohu takitahi kei te mākete, he hoahoa motuhake tākai tō te nuinga o ngā waitohu, e kore e pai anake ki te whakapiki i ngā utu hua, engari hei tū motuhake hoki i ngā hua whakataetae me te hanga i ngā painga pai ake.
1 Ngā momo matua o ngā rauemi tākai waina
Ko te nuinga o ngā takai waina ka wehea ki te takai o waho me te takai o roto. Ko ngā momo rauemi takai o waho ko te pepa, te kirihou, te konganuku me te rakau; ko ngā momo rauemi takai o roto ko te kirihou, te karāhe, te rakau me te uku; i te mea ka rongonui haere ētahi waitohu, ka whakaratohia motuhaketia mō ētahi rangatira. He tino auaha hoki te takai o te waina, ā, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i te uku, te tioata me te jade. I tēnei rā, me ako tātou mō te awe o te rauemi takai i roto i te pounamu waina ki te kounga o te waina.
1.1 Te awe o te rauemi takai o roto o te waina ki te waina
Ko te "takai o roto" o te waina e pā ana ki te rauemi takai e pā tika ana ki te waina. Ko ngā āhuatanga o tēnei momo rauemi takai ko te pumau mō te wā poto, engari me rongoa te kakara ngawari o te waina mō te wā roa. Ka pā te pānga roa i waenga i te waina me ngā rauemi takai waina ki te kounga o te waina. Ina pā ngā ipu kai, ngā rauemi takai, me ētahi atu ki te kai, i roto i te wā, ka heke pea ētahi o ēnei matū ki te kai, ka pā ki te whakarerekētanga o te reka, te kounga rānei o te kai, ka pā ki te haumaru o te kai.
1.3.2 Ko te karāhe te nuinga o te wā ka hangaia hei pounamu waina, he mārama, he mārō, he ātete ki te pēhanga, he pai te ārai, te ātete ki te waikura, te ātete ki te wera me ngā āhuatanga whatu, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā momo tikanga hanga me te tukatuka hei hanga waina o ngā momo āhua me ngā rahi. engari kia māmā ai te hanga karāhe, me whakauru ngā waikura ki roto i te karāhe.
① Ka taea e ia te hanga i ngā waikura o te karāhe anake, ā, ka huri hei waikura hanga karāhe (hanga whatunga);
②Ko ngā waikura kāore e taea te hanga karāhe mā rātou anō engari ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga (te hanganga rānei) o te karāhe, ka huri hei waikura e whakarerekē ana i te tinana (i waho o te whatunga), pērā i te Li2O, Na2O, K2O,
CaO, MgO, BaO, me ētahi atu;
E whakawhirinaki ana te tangata ki te kai mō te rangi, ā, he hononga tata te haumaru o te kai ki ia kaihoko, ā, kua waiho te haumaru o te kai hei kaupapa matua. Nā te whakapai tonu i ngā paerewa oranga o te tangata me te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kāore te aro o te tangata ki te haumaru o te kai e herea noa ki te raruraru o te kai tonu, engari kua piki haere te rongonui o ngā raruraru haumaru kai e puta mai ana i ngā rauemi me ngā hua e pā ana ki te kai. Ko tētahi o ngā mea hei aro atu. Ko ngā wā tino noa, pērā i ngā paninga motuhake whai rawa, ngā whakarewa benzene i roto i ngā putea takai kai, me ētahi atu take haumaru kua ara ake te āwangawanga me te manukanuka mai i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao.
I roto i ngā rauemi tākai waina, ka whakamahia ngā pounamu waina karāhe hei ipu, ā, kua tino pakeke te whakamahinga. Ka pirau ngā pounamu waina uku nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te porosity me te mimiti wai. He iti te mimiti wai o ngā ipu wheua, ā, he iti te porosity, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā tākai waina. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā hua kirihou kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei i roto i ngā tākai waina, engari he painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia mea, ā, mā te rauemi hiato e whakaranu ana i ngā rauemi polymer e rua, neke atu rānei, ka taea te whakakī i ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi polymer. Hei whare rangahau pūtaiao, me whakapakari te rangahau me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi tākai waina hou, te kimi rauemi tākai e tika ana, te whakarato i ngā taitara ngaio pai ake mō te whanaketanga o te umanga waina, me te tuku i te ahurea waina roa kia horapa ki te whenua o Haina.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-12-2022