I tēnei wā, haunga ētahi hua iti-mutunga me ngā waitohu takitahi kei te mākete, he hoahoa motuhake tākai tō te nuinga o ngā waitohu, e kore e pai anake ki te whakapiki i ngā utu hua, engari hei tū motuhake hoki i ngā hua whakataetae me te hanga i ngā painga pai ake.
1 Te awe o ngā rauemi takai waina ki te waina
1.1 Ngā momo matua o ngā rauemi tākai waina
Ko ngā takai waipiro te nuinga o te wā ko ngā takai o waho me ngā takai o roto. Ko ngā momo rauemi takai o waho ko te pepa, te kirihou, te konganuku me te rakau; ko ngā momo rauemi takai o roto ko te kirihou, te karāhe, te rakau me te uku; hei tāpiri, ko ngā takai waina i whakamahia i ngā wā onamata he mea auaha anō hoki, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki ngā uku, ngā hua jade me ngā hua tioata. E whakamahia ana mō ngā takai waina.
1.2 Te awe o ngā rauemi takai waina ki te waina
Ahakoa kāore te rauemi takai o waho o te waina e pā tika ana ki te waina, kāore e taea te wareware i tōna awe ki te waina.
1.2.1 I roto i ngā takai o waho, ko te pepa te rauemi takai tino nui, ā, kāore e taea te wareware i ōna tūponotanga huna. Ko te take matua he mea me tāpiri ngā matū pēnei i ngā mea ārai-mimi, ngā mea whakarahi, me ngā mea whakakī ki te penupenu i te wā e hanga pepa ana.
(ka waiho te pepa kia mākū), te mākū, ngā tae, me ētahi atu. Ko te mea ārai-mimi ko te hopi rosin te nuinga; ko te whakakī ko te kaolin, te konupūmā kāponāte, te titanium dioxide, te konutea whanariki, te barium sulfate me te konupūmā silicate; ko te mea whakama ko te konupūmā hypochlorite, te waikawa hypochlorous, te konutai peroxide me te hauwai peroxide, me ētahi atu; te mea tae Whakamahia ngā tae wairewa-wai me ngā tae tae. Ko te nuinga o ngā matū wairewa i roto i te pepa i ahu mai i ngā matū matū pēnei i ngā tāpiringa penupenu. I roto i ngā tae, ko ngā konganuku cadmium te nuinga e whakamahia ana i te whero, ā, ko ngā konganuku mata te nuinga e whakamahia ana i te kōwhai, ka taea hoki te wairewa i roto i ngā kukū iti (taumata mg/L) ka puta he mate. Kāore e taea te pirau i ngā konganuku taumaha, engari, ka taea te whakanui ake i ngā mano tini o ngā wā i raro i te whakanui koiora o te mekameka kai, ā, ka uru ki te tinana tangata. Ka taea e ngā konganuku taumaha te taunekeneke kaha ki ngā pūmua me ngā whākōkī i roto i te tinana tangata, ka kore ai e mahi, ā, ka kohia pea i roto i ētahi okana o te tinana tangata, ka hua ake he paihana mau tonu. Kei roto i ngā tae pepa he tae kanapa paitini, kei roto i te pepa ware pi ngā monomer toenga, ā, kei roto i ētahi ware pi ngā matū whakaputa mate pukupuku. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakarewa i te formaldehyde e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rongoā harore, i te tukatuka kapia rānei mai i ngā hua pepa.
1.2 Te awe o ngā rauemi takai waina ki te waina
Ahakoa kāore te rauemi takai o waho o te waina e pā tika ana ki te waina, kāore e taea te wareware i tōna awe ki te waina.
1.2.1 I roto i ngā takai o waho, ko te pepa te rauemi takai tino nui, ā, kāore e taea te wareware i ōna tūponotanga huna. Ko te take matua he mea me tāpiri ngā matū pēnei i ngā mea ārai-mimi, ngā mea whakarahi, me ngā mea whakakī ki te penupenu i te wā e hanga pepa ana.
(ka waiho te pepa kia mākū), te mākū, ngā tae, me ētahi atu. Ko te mea ārai-mimi ko te hopi rosin te nuinga; ko te whakakī ko te kaolin, te konupūmā kāponāte, te titanium dioxide, te konutea whanariki, te barium sulfate me te konupūmā silicate; ko te mea whakama ko te konupūmā hypochlorite, te waikawa hypochlorous, te konutai peroxide me te hauwai peroxide, me ētahi atu; te mea tae Whakamahia ngā tae wairewa-wai me ngā tae tae. Ko te nuinga o ngā matū wairewa i roto i te pepa i ahu mai i ngā matū matū pēnei i ngā tāpiringa penupenu. I roto i ngā tae, ko ngā konganuku cadmium te nuinga e whakamahia ana i te whero, ā, ko ngā konganuku mata te nuinga e whakamahia ana i te kōwhai, ka taea hoki te wairewa i roto i ngā kukū iti (taumata mg/L) ka puta he mate. Kāore e taea te pirau i ngā konganuku taumaha, engari, ka taea te whakanui ake i ngā mano tini o ngā wā i raro i te whakanui koiora o te mekameka kai, ā, ka uru ki te tinana tangata. Ka taea e ngā konganuku taumaha te taunekeneke kaha ki ngā pūmua me ngā whākōkī i roto i te tinana tangata, ka kore ai e mahi, ā, ka kohia pea i roto i ētahi okana o te tinana tangata, ka hua ake he paihana mau tonu. Kei roto i ngā tae pepa he tae kanapa paitini, kei roto i te pepa ware pi ngā monomer toenga, ā, kei roto i ētahi ware pi ngā matū whakaputa mate pukupuku. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakarewa i te formaldehyde e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rongoā harore, i te tukatuka kapia rānei mai i ngā hua pepa.
2 Whakamutunga
I tēnei wā, he maha ngā whenua o te ao e ako ana i te whakamahinga o ngā takai matomato me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi takai kore-paitini, kore-kino hoki. I roto i te hokohoko kai o te ao, kua whakatakotohia e ngā whenua ngā ture me ngā paerewa e tika ana hei tiaki i te hauora o ngā kaihoko me te whakarite kia whai wāhi nui rātou ki te haumaru kai. pānga. Ka whakawhirinaki te tangata ki te kai mō te rangi, ā, he hononga tata te haumaru kai ki ia kaihoko, ā, kua noho te haumaru kai hei kaupapa matua. I te whakapai tonu i ngā paerewa oranga o te tangata me te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, ko te arotahi a te tangata ki te haumaru kai ehara i te mea ko te raruraru kai anake, engari ko ngā raruraru haumaru kai ka puta mai i ngā rauemi me ngā hua e pā ana ki te kai kua piki haere te rongonui. Ko tētahi o ngā mea hei aro atu. Ko ngā wā tino noa, pērā i ngā paninga motuhake whai rawa, ngā whakarewa benzene i roto i ngā putea takai kai, me ētahi atu take haumaru kua ara ake te āwangawanga me te āwangawanga mai i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao.
I roto i ngā rauemi tākai waina, ka whakamahia ngā pounamu waina karāhe hei ipu, ā, kua tino pakeke te whakamahinga. Ka pirau ngā pounamu waina uku nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te porosity me te mimiti wai. He iti te mimiti wai o ngā ipu wheua, ā, he iti te porosity, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā tākai waina. Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā hua kirihou kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei i roto i ngā tākai waina, engari he painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia mea, ā, mā te rauemi hiato e whakaranu ana i ngā rauemi polymer e rua, neke atu rānei, ka taea te whakakī i ngā ngoikoretanga o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi polymer. Hei whare rangahau pūtaiao, me whakapakari te rangahau me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi tākai waina hou, te kimi rauemi tākai e tika ana, te whakarato i ngā taitara ngaio pai ake mō te whanaketanga o te umanga waina, me te tuku i te ahurea waina roa kia horapa ki te whenua o Haina.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-14-2022